Eileen Eileen

Connectors (Contrast, Reason, Result, Addition)

Description

This lesson focuses on using connectors to organize ideas logically and coherently in speech and writing. Students learn to distinguish connectors of addition, contrast, reason, and result based on meaning and function, not memorization. The lesson integrates structures from earlier in the week (conditionals, WH clauses, relative clauses) to produce clearer, more connected discourse.

Materials

Abc Board
Abc Exercises
Abc Printed materials
Abc Projector

Main Aims

  • To enable students to accurately choose and use connectors to express addition, contrast, reason, and result in meaningful contexts.

Subsidiary Aims

  • To clarify meaning differences between similar connectors.
  • To reduce overuse of basic connectors (and / but / because).
  • To integrate grammar from the week into connected discourse.
  • To improve sentence linking and paragraph coherence.

Procedure

Activation (13-15 minutes) • Activate awareness of logical relationships between ideas.

Crazy Story Edition Write or display sentence starters on the board. Students work in pairs. Each student finishes a sentence and adds something new. After a few turns, each group shares their funny, silly, or surprising version with the class.

Vocabulary (28-30 minutes) • Provide lexical tools

-Teacher presents around 15 of the vocabulary cards the students brought during the week and that she previously selected. -Give one example sentence. -After each word, nominate one student to produce a sentence orally. -Reformulate gently when needed. -Students write vocabulary in notebooks.

Block 1 - Contrast (18-20 minutes) • Help students express contradiction or unexpected outcomes clearly.

Teacher projects different contrast connectors with their difference in use. Show some examples of each connector. Teacher highlights the key differences between them. Ask for examples. Students transform one sentence using another contrast connector.

Block 2 - Reason vs Result (18-20 minutes) • Help students clearly distinguish between cause and consequence.

Teacher projects different result connectors. Show one example of each connector. Teacher highlights the key differences between them. Teacher projects different reason connectors. Show one example of each connector. Teacher highlights the key differences between them. Teacher writes: -The dog had an allergic reaction because it ate dangerous food. -The dog ate dangerous food, so it had an allergic reaction. Teacher asks: -Which part is the cause? -Which part is the result? Teacher visually labels CAUSE - RESULT. Students reformulate one example orally switching the structure.

Block 3 - Addition (18-20 minutes) • Encourage expansion of ideas logically without simple repetition.

Teacher projects different addition connectors. Show one example of each connector. Teacher highlights the key differences between them. Discuss informal vs slightly formal tone. Students expand a simple sentence using an addition connector.

Controlled Practice (13-15 minutes) • Consolidate understanding of connector meaning by selecting connectors based on logical relationships.

Students work individually. Instructions: Choose the correct connector based on the logical relationship between the ideas. Students complete 12-15 mixed items. Teacher conducts whole-class feedback focusing on meaning.

Web site designed by: Nikue