Display the title ‘And after plastic….?’, and pictures of graphene and its some possible uses. Ask Ss Qs: 1- What is the name of this material? (graphene). 2- Do you know anything about it? (if so, tell us more). 3- What are some possible uses of graphene? (Tell Ss to look at the picture and answer: it could be used to produce devices like smartphones, clothing manufacturing, and producing household items …) 4- Do you think there is relation between the title and this material? (if so, what is it? Graphene may replace plastic) 5- Do you think graphene might replace plastic in the future? (yes, because of its unique properties) Elicit responses from Ss in OC.

Share G-Slide via chat. Tell Ss they will listen to a radio program called ‘ And after plastic…?’ about a new material. Ss need to take notes on: 1- The discovery of the material. 2- The name of the material. 3- Its properties. 4- Its potential uses (mention just 3). Tell Ss to write down the notes on the gaps as key information, no need to long answers. At end of 3 mins ask Ss to submit answers. Discuss Ss responses in OCFB. Answers: 1- Two scientists from Manchester University discovered it. 2- graphene. 3- thinnest material, excellent conductor, tough, strong, elastic. 4- a) flexible phones and tablets; b) digital devices in clothes, windows and walls; c) display inside glass; d) fight diseases like cancer; e) photo-therapy.

Show Ss G-Slide, ask Ss to look at the extracts from the listening and decide if the phrase in bold refers to something which is: A - Probable. B - Definitely going to happen. 1- It’s guaranteed to revolutionize the production of……. 2- They are likely to be putting digital devices like phones... 3- You may well be able to read a display inside a transparent material like glass. 4- It could also help in the fight against diseases. 5- It is sure to be as important for the twenty-first century. Tell Ss to do it individually, then check their answers in OCFB. Answers: 1-B 2-A 3-A 4-B 5-A

M-clarification steps: 1. Screen share G-Slide. Tell Ss to read the sentences 1-5. Pay Ss attention to the underlined words in the sentences, and the words in brackets. Ask: What parts of speech are the underlined words and words in brackets? (Answer: must, may and might are modal verbs, while others are phrases). What meaning do they have in general? (probability and speculation). Is there any difference in meaning between the underlined word and the word in bracket for each sentence? (No). 2. Explain that we generally express degrees of probability and speculation either by using modal verbs like will, must, may, might and could or using other phrases like be guaranteed to, be sure to, be likely/unlikely to, be doubtful that. Degrees of certainty could be more confident, so we use words like must, sure and guaranteed, or could be less confident so we can use: may, might, could and likely. Or it could be least confident so we use: unlikely and doubtful. Tell Ss we can use them to talk about present and future or past, but there is a different verb tense used (modal verb + have + past participle). Ask Ss to rewrite the sentences 1-5, so the meaning is the same using the words in brackets. Do the first one as an example. Put Ss in pairs in BORs for 3 mins and monitor closely. Check answers in OC. Show answer key on a G-Slide. Answers: 1- I’m sure you are surprised by the results. (must) You must be surprised by the results. 2- The meeting isn’t likely to take place as planned. (doubtful) It’s doubtful if the meeting will take place as planned. 3- It’s possible that graphene can change the nature of manufacturing in a big way. (may). Graphene may change the nature of manufacturing in a big way. 4- The festival might not go ahead if the ground doesn’t dry out in time. (unlikely) The festival is unlikely to go ahead if the ground doesn’t dry out in time. 5- It’s possible that Paula forgot to send the email. (might) Paula might have forgotten to send the email. Form-clarification steps: Draw Ss attention to the task on G-Slide. Tell Ss to look at the cline scale and the following sentences. Ss will fill in gabs with appropriate words. Demonstrate that we express probability and speculation by using either modal verbs or other phrases, and at the up end of the scale will be the more confident expressions of probability while at the down end will be the less. Tell Ss that it is used to express speculation and probability about the present or future,as well in the past but the verb is changed. Tell Ss there are two exercises A and B. Ss do it in pairs in BORs for 3 mins, check answers in OC. Answers: A) 1. May 2. Have 3. Past participle 4. Used B) 1. Sure 2. Likely 3. Doubtful 4. Most

Control practice Tell Ss they will rewrite sentences starting with the words given. Share G-Slide link in chat and ask Ss to find slide with their name on it. Read the sentences 1-4 with Ss and demonstrate how to do it by doing the first one as an example. Put Ss in BORs for 2 mins. Give OCFB. Answers: 1- We might see more clothes made from recycled materials. 2- We’re bound to see a lot more nanotechnology in the future. 3- It’s doubtful if everyone will become more responsible consumers. 4- You must have heard about the new recycling plant. Pronunciation-clarification steps: Post G-Form link via chat, tell Ss to look at 3 sentences and choose the correct stress pattern for each one. Play the audio. Do the first one with Ss as an example. Ask Ss to listen to rest of the sentences (taken from CP). Tell Ss to do it individually. Check Ss answers, demonstrate why the speaker emphasizes these words? The words the speaker stresses are main verbs, adjectives and noun phrases. They are content words that carry important meaning and emphasis in the sentence. Words that have a grammatical function (e.g., the, if, from, might, about) are unstressed. Answers: 1- we might SEE more CLOTHES MADE from RECYCLED MATERIALS. 2- it is DOUBTFUL if EVERYONE will BECOME more RESPONSIBLE CONSUMERS. 3- I am SURE you have HEARD about the NEW RECYCLING PLANT. Let Ss repeat sentences chorally, then individually.

Draw Ss attention to the pictures on G-Slide, tell Ss that these pictures about how computers and mobile phones were different in the past, or will be in the future. Tell Ss they will express their speculation and probability about: How computers and mobile phones were different in the past? What future developments are most likely to happen? In terms of some features like size, weight, availability, functions, internet access etc.., Present clear examples to Ss: I’m sure that first mobile phones were heavy and cumbersome. Or first mobile phones must have been heavy to carry around. It’s doubtful if computers will be implanted under the skin as a microchip. Remind Ss to use probability and speculation modal verbs and phrases. Give Ss 2 mins to come up with 3 or 4 ideas. Ss do it individually. Discuss Ss responses in OC, comment on examples of a good use of language for expressing probability and speculation. DEC in OC.