Procedure: Write on the board: If we had prepared earlier, ... I wouldn’t have made that mistake if... Ask students: What do you think happened in each case? Students complete the sentences and share their guesses. Compare predictions and highlight correct grammar structures.

Task 1: Procedure: In a circle, each student creates a cause-effect sentence using past perfect and past simple. Example: Student A: I arrived late because I had missed my bus. Student B: I missed my bus because I had woken up late. Student C: I had woken up late because my alarm hadn’t worked… Keep the chain going for 2–3 full rounds. Correct any major grammar issues between chains. Task 2: Procedure: Groups receive brief descriptions of clinic or life incidents with a bad outcome. They must: Identify what had gone wrong Create a new outcome using third conditional Example: Scenario: The dog ran away during transport. → If the assistant had closed the crate, the dog wouldn’t have escaped. Task 3: Procedure: Each student anonymously writes one real or fictional regret using third conditional on a slip and folds it. In groups of 3–4: Draw a slip from the jar Read aloud The group discusses how it could have been avoided or how common that situation is in their experience

Procedure: Each student writes 1 sentence using either past perfect or third conditional on a small card. They exchange cards in pairs and check grammar and clarity. Instructor boards 2–3 of the best ones and corrects one with a mistake.