Board the question: What have you accomplished in the last year? Students write 2–3 experiences using present perfect on sticky notes or index cards (e.g., I’ve given vaccines on my own, I’ve moved to a different town). They stick them to a “memory wall” and then walk around reading others’ experiences. Afterward, choose 2–3 as a class and ask: When did it happen? What happened during that experience?

Procedure: Students receive a mix of example sentences (10–12 total), some in present perfect, others in past simple/past continuous. In pairs, they: Sort the cards into 2 groups (present perfect vs. past) Choose 3–4 and retell a personal or imagined version of that event

Procedure: Students sit in a circle. One starts with: Have you ever... [e.g., forgotten to follow up on a case]? The responder answers and follows up with: Yes, I have. It was last year... Then they ask another student their own “Have you ever” question.

Procedure: Students compare one thing they couldn’t do in the past but can now. Prompt questions: What’s something you’ve learned this year? What’s something you’ve experienced for the first time recently? Use contrast structures: In the past, I didn’t know how to… Now, I’ve done it several times.

Procedure: Each student writes: One sentence using present perfect One sentence using past simple or continuous They swap with a partner and check for errors or unclear grammar. Instructor selects 2–3 to correct and reinforce on the board.